Agriculture Sample Census Survey 2007/08
Tanzania, 2009
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Identification
Survey ID Number
TZA-NBS-AGSS-2007-v01.
Title
Agriculture Sample Census Survey 2007/08
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Tanzania | TZA |
Study type
Agricultural Census [ag/census]
Series Information
This is the fourth Agricultural Census to be carried out in Tanzania, the first one was conducted in 1971/72, the second in 1993/94 and 1994/95 (during 1993/94 data on household characteristics and livestock count were collected and data on crop area and production in 1994/95), and the third was conducted in 2002/03
It is considered that this census is one of the largest to be carried out in Africa and indeed in many other countries of the world. The census collected detailed data on crop production, crop marketing, crop storage, livestock production, fish farming, and poverty indicators. In addition to this, the census was large in its scope and coverage as it provides data that can be disaggregated at district level and thus allow comparisons with the 2002/03 National Sample Census of Agriculture. The census covered smallholders in rural areas only and all the large scale farms.
It is considered that this census is one of the largest to be carried out in Africa and indeed in many other countries of the world. The census collected detailed data on crop production, crop marketing, crop storage, livestock production, fish farming, and poverty indicators. In addition to this, the census was large in its scope and coverage as it provides data that can be disaggregated at district level and thus allow comparisons with the 2002/03 National Sample Census of Agriculture. The census covered smallholders in rural areas only and all the large scale farms.
Abstract
The 2007/08 Agricultural Sample Census was designed to meet the data needs of a wide range of users down to district level including policy makers at local, regional and national levels, rural development agencies, funding institutions, researchers, NGOs, farmers' organizations, and others. The dataset is both more numerous in its sample and detailed in its scope and coverage so as to meet the user demand.
The census was carried out in order to:
- Identify any structural changes,in the size of farm household holdings, crop and livestock production, farm input and implement use. It also seeks to determine if there are any improvements in the rural infrastructure and the level of agricultural households living conditions;
-Provide benchmark data on productivity, production and agricultural practices in relation to policies and interventions promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security and other stakeholders; and
- Obtain data that will be used to address specific issues such as: food security, rural poverty, gender, agro-processing, marketing and service delivery.
The census was carried out in order to:
- Identify any structural changes,in the size of farm household holdings, crop and livestock production, farm input and implement use. It also seeks to determine if there are any improvements in the rural infrastructure and the level of agricultural households living conditions;
-Provide benchmark data on productivity, production and agricultural practices in relation to policies and interventions promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security and other stakeholders; and
- Obtain data that will be used to address specific issues such as: food security, rural poverty, gender, agro-processing, marketing and service delivery.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Community, Household, Individual
Version
Version Description
Version 01 (Public use file for web dissemination)
Version Date
2012-12-06
Scope
Notes
The census used three different questionnaires:
SMALL SCALE FARM questionnaire was the main census instrument and it included questions related to crop and livestock production and practices; population demographics; access to services, community resources and infrastructure; issues on poverty and gender .
The main topics covered were:
- Household demographics and activities of the household members
- Land access, ownership, tenure and use
- Crop and livestock production and productivity
- Access to inputs and farming implements
- Access and use of credit
- Access to infrastructure (roads, district and regional headquarters, markets, advisory services, schools, hospitals).
- Crop marketing, storage and agro processing
- Tree farming, agro-forestry, and fish farming
- Access and use of communal resources (grazing land, communal forests, water for humans and livestock, beekeeping)
- Investment activities ( irrigation structures, water harvesting, erosion control, fencing)
- Off farm income and non agricultural related activities
- Households living conditions (housing, sanitary facilities )
- Livelihood constraints
- Poverty Indicators
COMMUNITY LEVEL questionnaire was designed to collect village level data such as access and use of common resources, community tree plantation and seasonal farm gate prices.
LARGE SCALE FARM questionnaire was administered to large farms either privately or corporately managed
SMALL SCALE FARM questionnaire was the main census instrument and it included questions related to crop and livestock production and practices; population demographics; access to services, community resources and infrastructure; issues on poverty and gender .
The main topics covered were:
- Household demographics and activities of the household members
- Land access, ownership, tenure and use
- Crop and livestock production and productivity
- Access to inputs and farming implements
- Access and use of credit
- Access to infrastructure (roads, district and regional headquarters, markets, advisory services, schools, hospitals).
- Crop marketing, storage and agro processing
- Tree farming, agro-forestry, and fish farming
- Access and use of communal resources (grazing land, communal forests, water for humans and livestock, beekeeping)
- Investment activities ( irrigation structures, water harvesting, erosion control, fencing)
- Off farm income and non agricultural related activities
- Households living conditions (housing, sanitary facilities )
- Livelihood constraints
- Poverty Indicators
COMMUNITY LEVEL questionnaire was designed to collect village level data such as access and use of common resources, community tree plantation and seasonal farm gate prices.
LARGE SCALE FARM questionnaire was administered to large farms either privately or corporately managed
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| TRADE, INDUSTRY AND MARKETS [2] | CESSDA | Link |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar
Geographic Unit
Clusters
Universe
Small scale farmers, Large Scale Farmers, Community
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | Ministry of Finance |
| Office of Chief Government Statistician-Zanzibar | Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives | The Planning Group | Technical Assistance |
| Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries | The Planning Group | Technical Assistance |
| Ministry of Water and Irrigation | The Planning Group | Technical Assistance |
| Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Environment, Zanzibar | The Planning Group | Technical Assistance |
| The Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government | The Planning Group | Technical Assistance |
| Ministry of Industries, Trade and Marketing | The Planning Group | Technical Assistance |
| The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | The Planning Group | Technical Assistance |
| The Censuses and Surveys Technical Working Group | The Planning Group | Technical Assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| The Government of Tanzania | GOTZA | Financial support |
| The Department for International Development | DFID | Financial support |
| The Japanese Government through the Japan International Cooperation Agency | JICA | Financial support |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The Mainland sample consisted of 3,192 villages. The total Mainland sample was 47,880 agricultural households while in Zanzibar, a total of 317 EAs were selected and 4,755 agricultural households were covered.
The villages were drawn from the National Master Sample (NMS) developed by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) to serve as a national framework for the conduct of household based surveys in the country. The National Master Sample was developed from the previous 2002 Population and Housing Census.
The numbers of villages/Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected for the first stage with a probability proportional to the number of villages/EAs in each district. In the second stage, 15 households were selected from a list of agricultural households in each village/EA using systematic random sampling.
The villages were drawn from the National Master Sample (NMS) developed by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) to serve as a national framework for the conduct of household based surveys in the country. The National Master Sample was developed from the previous 2002 Population and Housing Census.
The numbers of villages/Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected for the first stage with a probability proportional to the number of villages/EAs in each district. In the second stage, 15 households were selected from a list of agricultural households in each village/EA using systematic random sampling.
Weighting
The sample design was a stratified two-stage sample, where the rural part of Tanzania was stratified into districts. The first stage (Primary Stage) units were villages in the case of Tanzania Mainland and rural enumeration areas in the case of Tanzania Zanzibar. In the first stage, villages/EAs were selected in each rural part of the district. About 27 villages/rural EAs per district were selected. The sample was expected to give estimates of different parameters with error margin of 5 percent at 95 confidence level.
The selection of villages/rural EAs was as follows:
- All villages/rural EAs were selected if the number of villages/rural EAs in the district was less than or equal to 27;
- 27 villages/rural EAs were selected if the number of villages/rural EAs in the district was greater than 27; and
- All villages covered during the 2002/03 census were considered. Additional villages were sampled in the new districts to reach the required number of 27 sampled villages.
In the second stage, farming households were selected in each of the selected villages/EAs. A sample of 15 farming households was selected per selected village/rural EA..The villages/EAs in the first stage were selected with probability proportional to the number of households in the village (PPS). The cumulative total method was used to achieve the PPS selection of villages/EAs. In the second stage (Secondary Stage), farming households were selected using a systematic random sampling procedure whereby a list of farming households was compiled from each selected village/EA and a systematic random sample was then drawn.
Basic Formulae for Estimation
In the sample, the primary stage unit was the village/rural EA. The estimates obtained were for the village/rural EA, rural part of the District, rural part of the Region and rural part of the Nation.
The selection of the villages/rural EAs was with probability proportional to the number of households in the village/rural EA and systematic random selection procedure was used to select households.
The selection of villages/rural EAs was as follows:
- All villages/rural EAs were selected if the number of villages/rural EAs in the district was less than or equal to 27;
- 27 villages/rural EAs were selected if the number of villages/rural EAs in the district was greater than 27; and
- All villages covered during the 2002/03 census were considered. Additional villages were sampled in the new districts to reach the required number of 27 sampled villages.
In the second stage, farming households were selected in each of the selected villages/EAs. A sample of 15 farming households was selected per selected village/rural EA..The villages/EAs in the first stage were selected with probability proportional to the number of households in the village (PPS). The cumulative total method was used to achieve the PPS selection of villages/EAs. In the second stage (Secondary Stage), farming households were selected using a systematic random sampling procedure whereby a list of farming households was compiled from each selected village/EA and a systematic random sample was then drawn.
Basic Formulae for Estimation
In the sample, the primary stage unit was the village/rural EA. The estimates obtained were for the village/rural EA, rural part of the District, rural part of the Region and rural part of the Nation.
The selection of the villages/rural EAs was with probability proportional to the number of households in the village/rural EA and systematic random selection procedure was used to select households.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2009-06 | 2009-08 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Data collection was monitored by a hierarchical system of supervisors which included the Mobile Response Team, Regional and District Supervisors. The Mobile Response Team, which was headed by the Manager of Agriculture Statistics Department, provided an overall direction to the field operations and responded to queries arising outside the scope of the training exercise. Decisions made on the definitions and procedures were then communicated back to the enumerators via the Regional and District Supervisors. On the Mainland, each region had two Regional Supervisors (total 42) and two district supervisors per district (total 266).
The first checks on the questionnaires were carried out by enumerators in the field during enumeration, followed by district, regional and national supervisors. Supervisory visits at all levels of supervision focused on the completeness of the questionnaires and data consistency. Any inconsistencies encountered were corrected, and where necessary, call backs to the respective respondents were made by the enumerators to obtain the correct information. Furthermore, quality control checks were made by the supervisors in each district.
District supervision were performed by staff from the Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG). Regional and national supervision was provided by senior staff from the National Bureau of Statistics and the sector Ministries of Agriculture. In Zanzibar, the enumeration was conducted by staff from the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries. Supervision was provided by senior officers of the same Ministries and the Office of the Chief Government Statistician.
The first checks on the questionnaires were carried out by enumerators in the field during enumeration, followed by district, regional and national supervisors. Supervisory visits at all levels of supervision focused on the completeness of the questionnaires and data consistency. Any inconsistencies encountered were corrected, and where necessary, call backs to the respective respondents were made by the enumerators to obtain the correct information. Furthermore, quality control checks were made by the supervisors in each district.
District supervision were performed by staff from the Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG). Regional and national supervision was provided by senior staff from the National Bureau of Statistics and the sector Ministries of Agriculture. In Zanzibar, the enumeration was conducted by staff from the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries. Supervision was provided by senior officers of the same Ministries and the Office of the Chief Government Statistician.
Data Collection Notes
Data collection was monitored by a hierarchical system of supervisors which included the Mobile Response Team, Regional and District Supervisors. The Mobile Response Team, which was headed by the Manager of Agriculture Statistics Department, provided an overall direction to the field operations and responded to queries arising outside the scope of the training exercise. Decisions made on the definitions and procedures were then communicated back to the enumerators via the Regional and District Supervisors. On the Mainland, each region had two Regional Supervisors (total 42) and two district supervisors per district (total 266).
During the household listing exercise, 3,192 extension staff participated on the Mainland and a total of 177 enumerators participated during the listing exercise and the enumeration of small scale farms in Zanzibar. A total of 1,596 enumerators were involved in data collection of small scale farms on the Mainland. Additional five percent of the enumerators were kept as reserves in case of drop outs during the enumeration exercise.
During the household listing exercise, 3,192 extension staff participated on the Mainland and a total of 177 enumerators participated during the listing exercise and the enumeration of small scale farms in Zanzibar. A total of 1,596 enumerators were involved in data collection of small scale farms on the Mainland. Additional five percent of the enumerators were kept as reserves in case of drop outs during the enumeration exercise.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | NBS | Data Collector |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The census used three different questionnaires:
- Small scale farm questionnaire
- Community level questionnaire
- Large scale farm questionnaire
The small scale farm questionnaire was the main census instrument and it included questions related to crop and livestock production and practices; population demographics; access to services, community resources and infrastructure; issues on poverty and gender. The main topics covered were:
- Household demographics and activities of the household members
- Land access, ownership, tenure and use
- Crop and livestock production and productivity
- Access to inputs and farming implements
- Access and use of credit
- Access to infrastructure (roads, district and regional headquarters, markets, advisory services, schools, hospitals).
- Crop marketing, storage and agro processing
- Tree farming, agro-forestry, and fish farming
- Access and use of communal resources (grazing land, communal forests, water for humans and livestock, beekeeping)
- Investment activities ( irrigation structures, water harvesting, erosion control, fencing)
- Off farm income and non agricultural related activities
- Households living conditions (housing, sanitary facilities )
- Livelihood constraints
- Poverty Indicators
The community level questionnaire was designed to collect village level data such as access and use of common resources, community tree plantation and seasonal farm gate prices.
The Large Scale Farm questionnaire was administered to large farms either privately or corporately managed.
- Small scale farm questionnaire
- Community level questionnaire
- Large scale farm questionnaire
The small scale farm questionnaire was the main census instrument and it included questions related to crop and livestock production and practices; population demographics; access to services, community resources and infrastructure; issues on poverty and gender. The main topics covered were:
- Household demographics and activities of the household members
- Land access, ownership, tenure and use
- Crop and livestock production and productivity
- Access to inputs and farming implements
- Access and use of credit
- Access to infrastructure (roads, district and regional headquarters, markets, advisory services, schools, hospitals).
- Crop marketing, storage and agro processing
- Tree farming, agro-forestry, and fish farming
- Access and use of communal resources (grazing land, communal forests, water for humans and livestock, beekeeping)
- Investment activities ( irrigation structures, water harvesting, erosion control, fencing)
- Off farm income and non agricultural related activities
- Households living conditions (housing, sanitary facilities )
- Livelihood constraints
- Poverty Indicators
The community level questionnaire was designed to collect village level data such as access and use of common resources, community tree plantation and seasonal farm gate prices.
The Large Scale Farm questionnaire was administered to large farms either privately or corporately managed.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including:
- Manual cleaning exercisePrior to scanning. (Questionnaires found dirty or damaged and generally unsuitable for scanning were put aside for manual data entry )
- CSPro was used for data entry of all Large Scale Farms and Community based questionnaires
- Scanning and ICR data capture technology for the smallholder questionnaire
- There was an Interactive validation during the ICR extraction process.
- The use of a batch validation program developed in CSPro. This was used in order to identify inconsistencies within a questionnaire.
- Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to produce the Census tabulations
- Microsoft Excel was used to organize the tables, charts and compute additional indicators
-Arc GIS (Geographical Information System) was used in producing the maps.
- Microsoft Word was used in compiling and writing up the reports
- Manual cleaning exercisePrior to scanning. (Questionnaires found dirty or damaged and generally unsuitable for scanning were put aside for manual data entry )
- CSPro was used for data entry of all Large Scale Farms and Community based questionnaires
- Scanning and ICR data capture technology for the smallholder questionnaire
- There was an Interactive validation during the ICR extraction process.
- The use of a batch validation program developed in CSPro. This was used in order to identify inconsistencies within a questionnaire.
- Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to produce the Census tabulations
- Microsoft Excel was used to organize the tables, charts and compute additional indicators
-Arc GIS (Geographical Information System) was used in producing the maps.
- Microsoft Word was used in compiling and writing up the reports
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | National Bureau of Statistics | dg@nbs.go.tz | www.nbs.go.tz |
Confidentiality
Confidentiality of respodents is guaranteed by section 20 of Tanzania Statistics act number 1 of 2002
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have formally agree:
1.all identifying information such as the name and address of respondent has been removed; and
2.the information is disclosed in a manner that is not likely to enable the identification of the
particular person or undertaking or business to which it relates.
3.not attempt to identify any particular person or undertaking or business;
4.use of information for research or statistically purpose only;
5.not to disclose the information to any other person, organization
6.when required by the Director General, return all documents made available to him to the Director General;
7.comply with the directions given by the Director General relating to the records.
8.every person involved in the research or statistical project for which information is disclosed pursuant to this
section shall make the declaration of secrecy set out in the first schedule.
Access conditions
Tanzania NBS considered three levels of accessibility:
1) Public use files, accessible by all
2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions
3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets
Public use files accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1.The data and other material will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organization without
the written agreement of the National Bureau of Statistics.
2.The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of
aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3.No attempt will be made to produce links among dataset provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, or among
data from the (National Bureau of Statistics) and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations
4.No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identify of any person or
establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Bureau
of Statistics.
5.Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data
obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation
Requirement provided with each dataset.
1) Public use files, accessible by all
2) Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions
3) Datasets only accessible on location, for certain datasets
Public use files accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1.The data and other material will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organization without
the written agreement of the National Bureau of Statistics.
2.The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of
aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3.No attempt will be made to produce links among dataset provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, or among
data from the (National Bureau of Statistics) and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations
4.No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identify of any person or
establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Bureau
of Statistics.
5.Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data
obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation
Requirement provided with each dataset.
Citation requirements
"National Bureau of Statistics, Agriculture Sample Census Survey 2007/2008 version 1.0 of the public use
dataset (Dec 2011) provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, www.nbs.go.tz"
dataset (Dec 2011) provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, www.nbs.go.tz"
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | Ministry of Finance | dg@nbs.go.tz | www.nbs.go.tz |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
"The user of the data should acknowledges that, National Bureau of Statistics is the original collector of the data ,
the authorised distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or
for interpretations or inferences without a written agreement from the National Bureau of Statistics"
the authorised distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or
for interpretations or inferences without a written agreement from the National Bureau of Statistics"
Copyright
(c) 2007, National Bureau of Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-TZA-NBS-AGRSCS-2007/2008v01.
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Bureau of Statistics | NBS | Metadata Producer | |
| Accelerated Data Program | ADP | PARIS21 | Review of the metadata |
Date of Metadata Production
2012-12-06
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (Dec 2012)