The 2023 Household Energy Consumption Survey (HECS) was the first of its kind conducted in Mainland Tanzania. The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Ministry of Energy, with support from Expertise France and financial assistance from the European Union. Survey findings provide a comprehensive overview of household energy consumption. It was designed to inform policy aligned with Tanzania’s Development Vision 2025 and the Sustainable Development Goal 7, which focuses on ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.